Robert Rosen, Life Itself

In this book (Columbia University Press, 1991) theoretical biologist Robert Rosen describes a conception of modeling that is closely related to the framework of representational systems described here. His Figure 3H.2, here,

connects a "natural" system, N, with a "formal" system, F, by encoding and decoding maps, in such a way that the composite map 2+3+4 agrees with the map 1 within N. This is a horizontal presentation of the same relationships I've shown vertically, linking a target domain and a representation domain.